ZUOZHE：XURUIZHE

　　目前，全球累计确诊新冠肺炎病例超6000万例，累计死亡病例超140万例，100多个国家确诊病例超过万例。这不禁令人联想到100多年前的1918年大流感，据不完全统计造成全世界2000万到5000万人丧生，被称为有史以来最具破坏力的全球灾难性生物风险。

　　那么，今年新冠疫情，尤其是第二波疫情与1918大流感有何相似？一门面向全国高校开设、包含40多节微课的《名画中的瘟疫史》在线开放课程试图揭开答案。作为主讲人，上海健康医学院校长黄钢不仅进行专业解读，更以名家名画的独特视角加以佐证。他希望选课人不仅知史明史，而且借由名画共情历史，可谓“画布书史，鉴古知今”。

极速飞艇【HUAJIAYUQIZIXIANHOUBINGWANG，GUANZHUYIHOUHOUYIZHENG】

极速飞艇　　SHISHISHANG，1918NIANBUJINSHILIUGANZHINIAN，YESHIDIYICISHIJIEDAZHANZHINIAN，ERLIUGANSIWANGZHESHUBEIYUZHANZHENGSIWANGZHE。ZHUMINGBIAOXIANZHUYIHUAJIAAIGONG·XILE，JIUSHIJIAOZHIZHANYIYUZHAN“YI”DEDIANXINGDAIBIAO。ZUOWEIAOXIONGDIGUOGONGMIN，TAYU1915NIANRUWU，DANGSHANG“WENYIBING”。1917NIAN，TAHUIDAOWEIYENA，ZHENGSHICHUANGZUOLIZUIWANGSHENGDESHIQI，CANJIALEGEGEDAXINGHUAZHAN。RANER，SHEICENGLIAOXIANG，1918NIANJIUSHITAHEQIZIDEZHONGRI。

　　1918NIANQIU，SHENHUAILIUJIADEXILEZHIQIAIDISIYINHUANLIUGANQUSHI，SANTIANZHIHOU，XILEYEYINLIUGANERBINGGU。HUANGGANGJIAOSHOUGAOSUXUESHENG，XILESHINIANZHIYOU28SUI，ZHEIZHENGSHIDANGNIANDALIUGANZUIYIFASHENGHEZUIYIZHISIDENIANLING。TONGWEIBIAOXIANZHUYIHUAJIADEAIDEHUA·MENGKE，NEINIAN55SUI，SUIHUANLIUGAN，QUEXINGMIANYUNAN。ZAI1918NIANDALIUGANZHONG，QINGZHUANGNIANSIWANGLVYUANGAOYUZHONGLAONIAN。

极速飞艇　　XILEZAIBINGTONGZHONGZHENGZHAZHECHUANGZUOLETASHENGQIANZUIHOUYIFUJIEZUO《JIATING》。ZAIANHEIDEBEIJINGSHANG，HUAJIAYONGYOULIDEXIANTIAOHESEKUAI，QIMEIDIMIAOHUALEYIDUILUOSHENDEFUMUYIJITALIANGDEXIAOHAI，TAMENMUGUANGWUZHU，CHONGMANDUISHENGDEYUWANGHEDUISIDEKONGJU。HUANGGANGRENWEI，XILEZHEIGESHIQIDEHUAZUOZHONG，RENWUDOUSHISHOUHAIZHEDEZITAI，SIHUJINGSHOUZHEZHANZHENGYULIUGANDESHUANGZHONGTONGKU，XINGCHENGYIZHONGMORIZHIGAN。

极速飞艇　　ZHENGRUXILEMINGHUA《SISHENYUSHAONV》，SHENZHECAIYIDESHAONVGUIBAIZAISISHENXIXIA，YANJINGWANGXIANGTACHU，KENENGSHIYISHANCHUANGHU，FANGFOKEWANGZHEZHEIGESHIJIEDEGUANGMANG，DAIZHEWUXIANYILIAN；ERDUANZUOZHEDESISHENSHIHEIPAOLAOZHEDEXINGXIANG，FUSHENYUSHAONVTOUBINGTOU，TAXIZHANGDEZHIJIANCHUANGUOSHAONVDETOUFA，KANBUJIANMUZHI，TONGSHIZAITADEERPANGQINGSUZHESHENME，BUZHIKEFOU。ZAISHENGLISIBIEZHIJIAN，XINGCHENGQIANGLIESHIJUECHONGJIDEXINLINGZHENHAN。

　　YOUJILUDESHUJUBIAOMING，ZAIDALIUGANZHONG，NANXINGBINVXINGGENGRONGYIGANRAN，RENSHENNVXINGYIJIFENMIANCHUDEYINGERSIWANGLVZEGAODA26%。HUANGGANGTIXING，LIUGANZHIYIDEHOUYIZHENGQISHIBIJIAOYANZHONG，YIXILIEBAODAOFANYINGLIUGANHUANZHEKENENGTUOFA、YACHITUOLUO、SHIMIAN、TOUYUN、TINGLIXIAJIANG，XIUJUESHENZHISHIJUEJIANGDI，ERJINGSHENFANGMIAN，YIYUZHENGZAI1919NIANZHANYOUXIANGDANGDEBILI。“XINGUANFEIYANZHIHOUSHIFOUYINGGAIGENGDUOGUANZHUYOUCIKENENGCHANSHENGDEHOUYIZHENG，SHIFOUHUIYOUGENGDUODEXIANGSIXINGNI？”TATANJIUZHE。

极速飞艇【“XIBANYALIUGAN”XIWUCHUAN，DIERBOSIWANGLVGENGGAO】

　　1918NIANDALIUGANYUYIZHANYOUHEGUANLIAN，WEIHEYOUBEIWUCHENGWEI“XIBANYALIUGAN”，RUHEZAITONGYINIANFASHENGLEDIERBO？ZUOWEIJINGPINHUADETONGSHIHEXINKECHENG，HUANGGANGZAIJIANGKEZHONGBUJIN“FUKE”YIQINGZHIZHONGHUAZUORUHEDANSHENG，YEMONILISHICHANGJING。YOUHUASHUOHUA，YOUSHISHUOSHI。

　　30DUONIANQIAN，HUASHENGDUNZHOULIDAXUETUSHUGUANLI，YIWEILISHIXUEJIASUISHOUFANKAIBIAOZHE1917DENIANJIAN，SHUZHONGJIZAI1917NIANMEIGUORENRENJUNSHOUMING51SUI；TAYOUNAQI1919NIANDENEIBENNIANJIAN，NEIYINIANMEIGUORENRENJUNSHOUMINGTONGYANGSHI51SUI；DANTANAQI1918NIANNIANJIANDETONGYISHUYE，DANGNIANMEIGUORENJUNSHOUMINGZHIYOU39SUI。1918，TADEFUQINDUITABIKOUBUTAN，DUIFUBEIERYAN，ZHEIYINIANHAOXIANGCONGLAIMEIYOUCUNZAIGUO。1989NIAN，ZHEIBUZHONGSHUNEIDUANLISHIDE《BEIMEIGUOYIWANGDEZAINAN》CHUBAN。

　　HUANGGANGRENWEI，1918DALIUGANKANCHENGBEIYIWANGDELIUXINGBING“SHIJIEDAZHAN”。TAFASHENGZAI4NIANLING4GEYUEDEYIZHANHOUQI，1917NIANQIMEIGUOJIARUZHEICHANG6500WANRENDESHIJIEDAZHAN。1918NIANCHUNLIUGANJIUZAIJUNZHONGMANYAN，ERCISHIZHENGZHIDAPIMEIGUODABINGCANZHAN，TAMENYONGJIZAIMIBICHUANCANGZHONG，KUAYUEDAXIYANGFUOUCANZHAN。GEXIEYUEGUOZHENYINGZHONG，YECHUXIANFARE、KESOUDENGLIUGANZHENGZHUANG，LIUGANDEPANDUOLAHEZIYOUCIDAKAI。

　　SHISHISHANG，YIZHANZHONGDEXIBANYASHIZHONGLIGUO，5YUEDISANZHOUSHOUDOUMADELIJUXINGNIANDUQINGDIAN，GUOWANGYEZAIMIJIRENQUNZHONGRANSHANGLIUGAN，SUIHOUSHENBIANDACHENDOUZAOGANRAN。HUANGGANGJIESHICHENG，YOUYUDANGNIANQITACANZHANGUOGUANQIEZHANSHI，DUILIUGANYIQINGDEXIAOXIHUOHUSHIHUOFENGSUO，YUSHIXIBANYABAOFALIUGANFANERCHENGLEXINWEN，BIANBEISHIRENLIUCHUANWEI“XIBANYADALIUGAN”。

极速飞艇　　LISHIYOUSHIJINGRENXIANGSI。ZAI8YUEFENLIUGANCHUXIANYIDINGHUANJIEHOU，ZHANZHENGSIHUYEYAOJIESHULE，ZHUZHANFANGDEGUOYU1918NIANDE“SHUANGSHIYI”XUANBUTOUJIANG。QIUDONGZHIJI，ZAIYINGFAMEIDENGGUO，RENMENZOUSHANGJIETOU、JIHUIGUANGCHANG，ZAIHUANQINGSHENGLIGUOCHENGZHONGXIANGHUYONGBAO，“TIANSHIRENHE”CHENGLEBINGDUCHUANBODELIANGHAOWENCHUANG。HUANGGANGFAXIAN，CONGDANGSHIDEXINWENZILIAOZHAOPIANKAN，XIONGYONGRENCHAOZHONG，JIHUMEIYOURENPEIDAIKOUZHAO，WUSHENFANGFANCUOSHI。

极速飞艇　　CONGSHIJIANXIANSHANGKAN，XILEHEQIZIDEBINGWANGQIAQIASHIDALIUGANDEDIERBO。HUANGGANGBIAOSHI，ZAICHUNJILIUXINGZHONGBINGMEIYOUGAOSIWANGLV，ERZAIDANGNIAN11YUEFENSIWANGLVZAICHUANGXINGAO。

【YIZHEGANRANXIANCHUSHENGMING，BINGDUWUXIANERRENLEIYOUXIAN】

极速飞艇　　ZAOZAIGONGYUANQIAN430NIANDEYADIANDAWENYI，ZUOWEIRENLEILISHISHANGDIYICHANGYOUZHEXIANGSHIJIZAIDEWENYI，ZAIRENLEIWENHUASHISHANGSHIYADIANWENMINGHUANGJINSHIDAIDELUOMU，ZAIRENLEIWENYISHISHANGZESHIYICHANGXUQU。ER1918NIANDALIUGANZHIHOU，SHANGSHIJI50NIANDAICENGFASHENGYAZHOUDALIUGAN，DAOZHI200DUOWANRENSIWANG。SHIWEIZUZHICESUAN，MEINIANDOUYOU300WANDAO500WANRENGANRANLIUGAN。

　　ZAIZHENGGEDIQIUDEWENYISHISHANG，HUAJIAMENYONGZIJIHUABIZHONGSHIDIJILUZHEYISHUDEZHENSHI。PIRUKAOWEIERZUOPIN《ZHENGFUHUANGREBING》，MIAOHUILE1902NIANGUBAYISHENGKALUOSI·FENLAIDUIMEIGUOHUANGREBINGYANJIUWEIYUANHUIZHUXILIDEBAOGAO，HUANGREBINGSHIYOUAIJIYIWENCHUANBODE。HOULAI，WEIYUANHUIYANZHENGLEZHEIYIJIASHE。HUAMIANSHANG，TAMENZAIGUBAKANGWEIERYINGQUJINXINGHUANGREBINGSHIYAN，KALUOSIZIYUANBEIWENCHONGDINGYAOGANRAN。HOULAI，CANYUZHEIXIANGSHIYANDELAZEERBUXINGSIYUHUANGREBINGGANRAN，XIANSHENYURENLEIYIBINGFANGZHISHIYE。

　　LINGYIFUYIXUETICAIDEMINGHUAYESHIMINGYIDEZUOPIN，TAJIUSHIBAIQIUENDAFUDEZIHUAXIAOXIANG。HUANGGANGGAOSUSHISHENG，BAIQIUENSHOUGUOLIANGHAODEMEISHUJIAOYU，JINGCHANGDONGSHOUCHUANGZUOYOUHUA。ZHEIFUCHUANGZUOYUTELUDUOLIAOYANGYUANDEZIHUAXIANG，YANSHENZHONGTOULUCHUYIDIANMIMANG，ZHANXIANLETALIHUANFEIJIEHEZHIHOUKOUWENSHENGMINGYIYIDEYIKE。“XIANGSIERSHENG，ZHUANSHENQUAI”，ZHIHOUBAIQIUENBENFUXIBANYA，ZUJIANSHUXUEXIAOFENDUIHUOYUEZAIJIUHUQIANXIAN，ZAIHOULAITACANJIAYUANHUAYILIAODUI，BUYUANWANLILAIDAOZHONGGUO，XISHENGZAIKANGZHANZHANCHANGSHANG。ZAIZHONGGUOYISHUJIAHUAZUOZHONG，BAIQIUENYINZHANDISHOUSHUZISHANGERGANRAN，ZUOSHOUBUZAILINGBIAN，QUERENGRANYONGYOUSHOUWANQIANGDIWEISHANGYUANCHULISHANGKOU。

　　ZHENGRUMEIGUOLISHIXUEJIAMAIKENIERZAI《WENYIYUREN》YISHUZHONGSUOYAN：“CHUANRANBINGZAILISHISHANGCHUXIANDENIANDAIZAOYURENLEI，WEILAIYEJIANGHUIHERENLEITIANZHANGDIJIUDIGONGCUN，ERQIE，TAYEYIDINGHUIHECONGQIANYIYANG，SHIRENLEILISHIZHONGDEYIXIANGJIBENCANSHUYIJIJUEDINGYINZI。”HUANGGANGXIWANGRENMENYISHIDAOBINGDUDEWUXIANXINGYURENLEIDEYOUXIANXING，“YONGYUANBUYAOHUSHISHENGMINGDECUIRUO，YONGYUANBUYAODIGUZIRANDEYEMAN，YONGYUANBUYAOQINGSHIYIXUEDELILIANG。”

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